What are soil systems based on?

Soil Systems, their biodiversity and ecosystem services are underpinned by energy flows and storage in form of SOM, bio- and necromass that are subject to the laws of thermodynamics. Yet, energy-based descriptions are largely missing.

What are the different types of thermal energy storage systems?

Classification of thermal energy storage systems based on the energy storage material. Sensible liquid storage includes aquifer TES, hot water TES, gravel-water TES, cavern TES, and molten-salt TES. Sensible solid storage includes borehole TES and packed-bed TES.

Are energy-based soil descriptions missing?

Yet, energy-based descriptions are largely missing. For the first time, the DFG joint research program SoilSystems aims to integrate a thermodynamic description of the soil system in order to gain a systemic view on energy and matter fluxes and their interactions with living and non-living soil components.

What are storage systems based on?

From systems using electrochemical transformations, to classical battery energy storage elements and so-called flow batteries, to fuel cells and hydrogen storage, this book further investigates storage systems based on physical principles (e.g., gravitational potential forces, air compression, and rotational kinetic energy).

What is borehole thermal energy storage (BTES)?

As a widespread seasonal TES, borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) can remove the time gap between thermal energy supply and demand in the energy grid by storing the heat in seasons with excessive heat and recouping the heat back into the system in colder seasons when there is a higher demand for thermal energy.

What is thermal energy storage (TES)?

Thermal energy storage (TES) TES systems are specially designed to store heat energy by cooling, heating, melting, condensing, or vaporising a substance.